Why does crude oil need refining? What function does each step in vegetable oil refining process?

Because the crude oil obtained either from expellers or solvent extraction plant contains impurities, which must be removed to make the oil edible, more palatable and stable against rancidity upon storage.

Vegetable oil refining process flow diagram

Vegetable oil refining process consists of four steps: degumming, deacidification, decolorization and deodorization. What functions do they have? Let me introduce to you in details.

 

Degumming: Remove the gums in crude oil by adding hot water or phosphoric acid.

Deacidification: Adding caustic lye for separation of free fatty acids from oil. This is a conventional process that can be applied to all the kinds of edible oil refining process.

Decolorization: Using white clay to absorb the pigment from crude oil.

Deodorization: Using high temperature steam to distill the bad smell out.
 

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